What's the Difference Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation?

Understanding Motivation

Motivation is what drives people to take action. It comes from internal and external factors that inspire us to accomplish goals, make changes, or simply persist through challenges. Exploring different types of motivation can help us better understand our own behavior and that of others.

Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to being motivated by internal rewards. It stems from a genuine interest or enjoyment in the task itself.

For example, a student who studies hard simply because they find the subject fascinating has intrinsic motivation. The reward comes from within, through the personal satisfaction of learning something new.

Extrinsic Motivation

In contrast, extrinsic motivation involves being motivated by external rewards or pressures. Instead of doing something for its own sake, people are driven by outside factors.

For instance, a student who studies hard in hopes of getting a good grade or admission to college is extrinsically motivated. The reward comes from some external outcome, not simply the joy of learning.

Key Differences

Intrinsic motivation arises from within, while extrinsic motivation relies on external factors.
Intrinsic motivation promotes lifelong learning and creativity. Extrinsic can undermine them if not balanced with intrinsic rewards.
Both can be useful drivers. The healthiest motivation combines elements of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Finding Balance

The most empowering and sustained motivation contains elements of both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Keeping the joy and flow of intrinsic motivation while also structuring in outside accountability and goals helps many people thrive.

By better understanding these core drivers, we can nurture motivation – in ourselves and others – more consciously and compassionately.

FAQ

What are some examples of intrinsic motivation?

Examples include reading for pleasure, learning out of curiosity, playing a sport for enjoyment, engaging in a hobby purely for fun and interest.

What are some examples of extrinsic motivation?

Examples include working primarily for income, studying to achieve good grades, practicing an instrument to earn awards, volunteering for resume-building experience.

Is intrinsic or extrinsic motivation better?

There are benefits to both, and the healthiest motivation combines intrinsic joy and interest with extrinsic structure and goals. Over-reliance on just one type can undermine sustained motivation.

How can we promote more intrinsic motivation?

Nurturing curiosity, giving people more autonomy over tasks, encouraging purpose and meaning, and designing engaging activities all help boost intrinsic motivation.

How can extrinsic motivation be used constructively?

Providing positive feedback, setting meaningful goals, offering incentives aligned with values, and structuring accountability can all utilize extrinsic motivation helpfully.